mrhihi.paul 開發日誌: 8月 2011

手工打造 Windows Service

Step 1.新增專案
C# Express裡專案範本只有這幾個，不過沒關系，
先選主控台應用程式。

Step 2.在方案總管加入兩個新的類別

第一個類別，負責當服務啟動及停止時要做的事情
先加入 System.ServiceProcess 的參考

繼承 ServiceBase，並複寫 OnStart 及 OnStop
另外在建構式中，要初始化相關服務的資訊，
這個部分是Windows Service啟動時所需要的。

MyWinService.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.ServiceProcess;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Timers;

namespace MyWinService

{

    class MyWinService : ServiceBase

    {

        const string SERVICE_NAME = @"MyWinService";

        System.Timers.Timer TheTimer = new System.Timers.Timer();

        public MyWinService()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

        private void InitializeComponent()

        {

            this.ServiceName = SERVICE_NAME;

            this.CanStop = true;

            this.AutoLog = false;

            this.EventLog.Log = "Application";

            this.EventLog.Source = SERVICE_NAME;

        }

        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)

        {

            //Todo: 從 config 取得 Interval

            TheTimer.Interval = 30 * 1000;

            TheTimer.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(TheTimer_Elapsed);

            TheTimer.Start();

            this.EventLog.WriteEntry(SERVICE_NAME + " Service has started.");

        }

        protected override void OnStop()

        {

            TheTimer.Stop();

            this.EventLog.WriteEntry(SERVICE_NAME + " Service has stopped.");

        }

        protected void TheTimer_Elapsed(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)

        {

            //Todo: your code here

        }

    }

}

第二個類別，服務安裝程式會呼叫到的類別，負責將安裝服務
加入 System.Configuration.Install 的參考

MyWinServiceInstaller.cs

using System;

using System.ServiceProcess;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Configuration.Install;

namespace MyWinService

{

    [RunInstaller(true)]

    public class MyWinServiceInstaller : Installer

    {

        const string SERVICE_NAME = @"MyWinService";

        private ServiceProcessInstaller ServiceProcessInstaller1;

        private ServiceInstaller ServiceInstaller1;

        public MyWinServiceInstaller()

        {

            InitializeComponent();

        }

        private void InitializeComponent()

        {

            this.ServiceProcessInstaller1 = new ServiceProcessInstaller();

            this.ServiceProcessInstaller1.Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem; //服務啟動預設登入類型(安全性)

            this.ServiceProcessInstaller1.Username = null;

            this.ServiceProcessInstaller1.Password = null;

            this.ServiceInstaller1 = new ServiceInstaller();

            this.ServiceInstaller1.Description = "這裡寫服務的描述";

            this.ServiceInstaller1.DisplayName = SERVICE_NAME;

            this.ServiceInstaller1.ServiceName = SERVICE_NAME;

            this.ServiceInstaller1.StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic; //啟動模式(自動/手動/停用)

            this.Installers.AddRange(new Installer[] { this.ServiceProcessInstaller1, this.ServiceInstaller1 });

            this.Committed += new InstallEventHandler(MyWinServiceInstaller_Committed); //當安裝成功後，啟動服務

        }

        void MyWinServiceInstaller_Committed(object sender, InstallEventArgs e)

        {

            // Auto Start the Service Once Installation is Finished.

            var controller = new ServiceController(SERVICE_NAME);

            controller.Start();

        }

    }

}

Step 3.主程式
這個部分是負責服務啟動時，載入 MyWinServices 類別
另外安裝及解除安裝也一併在這裡處理，方便設定服務，而不需要另外包裝安裝程式。

Program.cs

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.IO;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.ServiceProcess;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace MyWinService

{

    class Program

    {

        /// <summary>

        /// 主程式

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="args"></param>

        [STAThread()]

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            //沒有輸入參數的時候，當做起動服務的入口(若啟動服務也需要參數的話，這邊要改寫)

            if (args.Length == 0) {

                System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase.Run(new MyWinService());

            } else {

                if (args[0].ToUpper() == "/INSTALL") {

                    //安裝

                    InstallService();

                } else if (args[0].ToUpper() == "/UNINSTALL") {

                    //解除安裝

                    UnInstallService();

                } else {

                    Console.Write("輸入的參數不正確！");

                }

            }

        }

        static string INSTALL_EXE = Path.Combine(RuntimeEnvironment.GetRuntimeDirectory()

                                                , @"InstallUtil.exe");

        static void InstallService()

        {

            string currFileName = Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.FileName;

            Process.Start(INSTALL_EXE, string.Format(@"""{0}""", currFileName));

        }

        static void UnInstallService()

        {

            string currFileName = Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.FileName;

            Process.Start(INSTALL_EXE, string.Format(@"/u ""{0}""", currFileName));

        }

    }

}